Electric telegraphy.



No. 793,037. PATENTED JUNE 20, 1905. I. KIT'SEB.

ELECTRIC TELBGRAPHY.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 4. 1905.

HORSE: D/ISH DOT UNITED STATES Patented June 20, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE- ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 793,037, dated June 20, 1905.

Application filed February 4, 1905- Serial No. 2 i4,189.

To 11]] 11/71/0711 it nmy con/corn.-

Be it known that I, Isinon KrrsEE, of the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and uselul Improvements in Electric Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification.

My IDVOIllJlOH relates to an improvement in electric telegraphy, and has more special rel"- erence to the symbols of telegraphic alphabets. Y

The universal telegraphic codeMorse alphabet consists of dots and dashes grouped dill'erently for dill'erent letters. On land lines these dots and dashes are produced through a shorter or longer contact of the transmitting-key with a source of current of one polarity. On submarine cables these dots and dashes are symbolized, one by an impulse of one polarity and the other by an impulse of opposite polarity. In the tele graphing with alternating currents the dot is symbolized by a few complete cycles and the dash is ditl'erentiated from the dot by a greater number of cycles. In some methods part of the cycles are depressed or combined with currents oi higher intensity. I have found that on lines with great capacity it is advantageous to telegraph with true reversalsthat is, with. impulses always of substantially the same duration. and intensity, bu t always of opposite polarity. To symbolize the dots and dashes in such a system, the onlyrecourse leitis to change theunit of time lapsing between the ditl'erent impulses. Instead ol. di'llerentiating the dot from the dash by a shorter or longer depression of the key, as in land lines, or by changing the polarity, as in the cable, I symbolize the dot by one short depression of the key, allowing a whole unit of space to pass before a second depression, and I symbolize a dash by two depressions of the key in quick successirm, allowing only apart of the time to lapse between these two depressions. The second depres ion of the dash transmits a current of a polarity opposite to the polarity of the first depression. A d ash. theretore in my system will consist at the receiving-station, it recorded, of two (lots in close proximity to each other, each dot being the resultant ell'ect of a depression of a key connected to a source of current of a different polarity.

In cable telegraphy the alphabet mostly employed is not the so-called American -Morse, but it is the Continental Morse, the

dillerence in the two systems laying therein that in the Continental Morse a greater number 01f dashes are employed, so that the letters do not need to have so many groupings of symbol elements. In my system it is best to employ the alphabet known aslthe American Morse.

In contradistinction to all systems so far employed my invention consists therein that the symbol which is generally expressed by a dash in the Morse alphabet is expressed in my method by two symbol elements following at short intervals and each symbol element of a different polarity, and that a dot is symbolized by one impulse, the polarity of same not coming into consideration so long as the same is opposite to the polarity of the impulse preceding.

In the drawingI have illustrated both symbols according to my improved method and in contradistinction thereto the Morse symbols now used.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure byLette-rs Patent, is-

1. In a telegraphic alphabet a symbol consisting of two elements, each element representing a dot, both: elements in close proximity to each other, each of said elements of an opposite polarity.

2. A telegraphic alphabet comprising two syunbols, one symbol consisting of one element, the second symbol consisting of two elements in close proximity to each. other, these two elements being of opposite polarity to each other.

3. A telegraphic code comprising different grouping of two symbols, one symbol consistingo't one element and the second. symbol consisting of two elements in close proximity to each other, each of th ese elements of a polarity opposite to the other.

4;. A telegraphic Morse alphabet in which element followed by a space unit and the second character consisting of two elements separated by part of a space unit, and followed by a whole space unit.

In testimony whereof vI hereby sign my name, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 2d day of February, A. D. 1905.

ISI'DOR KITSEE.

Witnesses:

EDITH R. ST LLEY, JAMES B. HOBENSAOK. 

